E0817 17:31:10 gemini_impl: main: 57] Gemini CLI is in Dogfood. Always review commands and output before using them. See http://go/gemini-cli-dogfood for details.
E0817 17:31:13 gemini_impl: main: 219] MCP developer mode enabled. Note: third-party MCP servers are not permitted for use in google3 development, see b/428217139.
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Tips for getting started:
1. Ask questions, edit files, or run commands.
2. Be specific for the best results.
3. /help for more information.
╭──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ > A WIP patch to spanify the following files has been applied: │
│ - base/bits.h │
│ - base/bits_unittest.cc │
│ - base/command_line.cc │
│ - base/command_line.h │
│ - base/command_line_unittest.cc │
│ - base/containers/heap_array.h │
│ - base/containers/heap_array_unittest.cc │
│ - base/debug/test_elf_image_builder.cc │
│ - base/debug/test_elf_image_builder.h │
│ - base/feature_list.cc │
│ - base/files/file_proxy_unittest.cc │
│ - base/files/memory_mapped_file.h │
│ - base/i18n/build_utf8_validator_tables.cc │
│ - base/i18n/icu_util.cc │
│ - base/json/json_perftest_decodebench.cc │
│ - base/memory/discardable_shared_memory.cc │
│ - base/memory/platform_shared_memory_region_unittest.cc │
│ - base/memory/shared_memory_mapping.h │
│ - base/metrics/field_trial.cc │
│ - base/metrics/persistent_histogram_allocator.cc │
│ - base/metrics/persistent_histogram_allocator_unittest.cc │
│ - base/metrics/persistent_memory_allocator.h │
│ - base/metrics/persistent_memory_allocator_unittest.cc │
│ - base/pickle.h │
│ - base/pickle_unittest.cc │
│ - base/process/process_metrics_unittest.cc │
│ - base/process/set_process_title.cc │
│ - base/process/set_process_title.h │
│ - base/process/set_process_title_linux.cc │
│ - base/process/set_process_title_linux.h │
│ - base/profiler/stack_buffer.h │
│ - base/profiler/stack_buffer_unittest.cc │
│ - base/profiler/stack_copier.cc │
│ - base/profiler/stack_copier.h │
│ - base/profiler/stack_copier_signal.cc │
│ - base/profiler/stack_copier_signal_unittest.cc │
│ - base/profiler/stack_copier_suspend.cc │
│ - base/profiler/stack_copier_suspend_unittest.cc │
│ - base/profiler/stack_copier_unittest.cc │
│ - base/profiler/stack_sampler_unittest.cc │
│ - base/test/launcher/unit_test_launcher.cc │
│ - base/test/launcher/unit_test_launcher.h │
│ - base/test/perf_test_suite.cc │
│ - base/test/perf_test_suite.h │
│ - base/test/run_all_perftests.cc │
│ - base/test/run_all_unittests.cc │
│ - base/test/test_suite.cc │
│ - base/test/test_suite.h │
│ - base/trace_event/process_memory_dump.cc │
│ - base/trace_event/process_memory_dump_unittest.cc │
│ - base/trace_event/trace_arguments.cc │
│ - base/trace_event/trace_arguments.h │
│ - base/trace_event/trace_arguments_unittest.cc │
│ - cc/paint/paint_op_writer.h │
│ - cc/test/run_all_perftests.cc │
│ - cc/test/run_all_unittests.cc │
│ - cc/test/skia_common.cc │
│ - chrome/app/chrome_main.cc │
│ - chrome/browser/devtools/device/adb/adb_client_socket.cc │
│ - chrome/browser/enterprise/watermark/example_app.cc │
│ - chrome/browser/media/router/discovery/dial/dial_service_impl_unitt │
│ est.cc │
│ - chrome/browser/vr/test/run_all_perftests.cc │
│ - chrome/browser/vr/test/run_all_unittests.cc │
│ - chrome/browser/vr/test/vr_gl_test_suite.cc │
│ - chrome/browser/vr/test/vr_gl_test_suite.h │
│ - chrome/browser/vr/test/vr_test_suite.cc │
│ - chrome/browser/vr/test/vr_test_suite.h │
│ - chrome/browser/web_applications/isolated_web_apps/update_manifest/ │
│ update_manifest_fuzzer.cc │
│ - chrome/enterprise_companion/test/run_all_unittests.cc │
│ - chrome/enterprise_companion/test/test_crashpad_embedder.cc │
│ - chrome/test/base/browser_perf_tests_main.cc │
│ - chrome/test/base/browser_tests_main.cc │
│ - chrome/test/chromedriver/net/adb_client_socket.cc │
│ - chrome/test/chromedriver/net/adb_client_socket_unittest.cc │
│ - chrome/test/chromedriver/net/pipe_reader_posix.cc │
│ - chrome/test/chromedriver/net/pipe_reader_posix_unittest.cc │
│ - chrome/test/chromedriver/net/pipe_writer_posix.cc │
│ - chrome/test/chromedriver/net/pipe_writer_posix_unittest.cc │
│ - chrome/updater/linux/main.cc │
│ - chrome/updater/test/integration_tests_helper.cc │
│ - chrome/updater/test/run_all_unittests.cc │
│ - chrome/updater/updater.cc │
│ - chrome/updater/updater.h │
│ - codelabs/cpp101/solutions/factor.cc │
│ - codelabs/cpp101/solutions/hello_world.cc │
│ - codelabs/cpp101/solutions/sleep.cc │
│ - components/autofill/core/browser/geo/country_names_for_locale.cc │
│ - components/autofill/core/browser/geo/generate_country_native_names │
│ .cc │
│ - components/cronet/cronet_url_request.cc │
│ - components/cronet/run_all_unittests.cc │
│ - components/domain_reliability/uploader_unittest.cc │
│ - components/grpc_support/bidirectional_stream.cc │
│ - components/headless/test/test_meta_info_unittest.cc │
│ - components/history/core/browser/history_types.cc │
│ - components/history/core/browser/history_types.h │
│ - components/history/core/browser/history_types_unittest.cc │
│ - components/ip_protection/common/masked_domain_list.cc │
│ - components/ip_protection/test/run_all_unittests.cc │
│ - │
│ components/media_router/common/providers/cast/channel/enum_table.cc │
│ - components/media_router/common/providers/cast/channel/enum_table.h │
│ - components/metrics/persistent_system_profile.cc │
│ - components/miracle_parameter/common/public/miracle_parameter_unitt │
│ est.cc │
│ - components/omnibox/browser/on_device_tail_model_executor.cc │
│ - components/openscreen_platform/net_udp_socket.cc │
│ - components/optimization_guide/core/model_execution/redactor.cc │
│ - components/safe_browsing/content/renderer/phishing_classifier/scor │
│ er_unittest.cc │
│ - components/safe_browsing/core/browser/db/hash_prefix_map.cc │
│ - components/services/font/public/cpp/mapped_font_file.cc │
│ - components/sessions/core/command_storage_backend.cc │
│ - components/sessions/core/command_storage_backend_unittest.cc │
│ - components/sessions/core/session_command.cc │
│ - components/sessions/core/session_command.h │
│ - components/test/components_test_suite.cc │
│ - components/test/run_all_perftests.cc │
│ - components/test/run_all_unittests.cc │
│ - components/url_formatter/spoof_checks/top_domains/make_top_domain_ │
│ list_variables.cc │
│ - components/url_formatter/spoof_checks/top_domains/top_domain_gener │
│ ator.cc │
│ - components/viz/test/run_all_unittests.cc │
│ - components/viz/test/viz_test_suite.cc │
│ - components/viz/test/viz_test_suite.h │
│ - components/webrtc/fake_ssl_client_socket.cc │
│ - components/zucchini/mapped_file.h │
│ - components/zucchini/zucchini_commands.cc │
│ - components/zucchini/zucchini_main.cc │
│ - content/app/content_main.cc │
│ - content/public/app/content_main.h │
│ - content/shell/app/shell_main.cc │
│ - content/test/run_all_unittests.cc │
│ - content/web_test/common/web_test_string_util.cc │
│ - crypto/nss_util.cc │
│ - dbus/test_server.cc │
│ - device/bluetooth/bluez/bluetooth_socket_bluez_unittest.cc │
│ - device/test/run_all_unittests.cc │
│ - extensions/browser/api/declarative_net_request/filter_list_convert │
│ er/main.cc │
│ - extensions/shell/app/shell_main.cc │
│ - extensions/shell/test/shell_tests_main.cc │
│ - gin/shell/gin_main.cc │
│ - gin/test/run_all_unittests.cc │
│ - google_apis/gcm/base/socket_stream.cc │
│ - google_apis/run_all_unittests.cc │
│ - gpu/command_buffer/client/cmd_buffer_helper.cc │
│ - gpu/command_buffer/client/cmd_buffer_helper.h │
│ - gpu/command_buffer/client/dawn_client_memory_transfer_service.cc │
│ - gpu/command_buffer/client/gl_helper_scaling.cc │
│ - gpu/command_buffer/client/mapped_memory.cc │
│ - gpu/command_buffer/client/mapped_memory.h │
│ - gpu/command_buffer/client/mapped_memory_unittest.cc │
│ - gpu/command_buffer/client/mock_transfer_buffer.cc │
│ - gpu/command_buffer/client/mock_transfer_buffer.h │
│ - gpu/command_buffer/client/readback_buffer_shadow_tracker.cc │
│ - gpu/command_buffer/client/readback_buffer_shadow_tracker.h │
│ - gpu/command_buffer/client/ring_buffer.cc │
│ - gpu/command_buffer/client/ring_buffer.h │
│ - gpu/command_buffer/client/transfer_buffer.cc │
│ - gpu/command_buffer/client/transfer_buffer.h │
│ - gpu/command_buffer/common/buffer.cc │
│ - gpu/command_buffer/common/buffer.h │
│ - gpu/command_buffer/common/cmd_buffer_common.h │
│ - gpu/command_buffer/common/discardable_handle.cc │
│ - gpu/command_buffer/common/gles2_cmd_format_autogen.h │
│ - gpu/command_buffer/common/gles2_cmd_format_test_autogen.h │
│ - gpu/command_buffer/common/raster_cmd_format_autogen.h │
│ - gpu/command_buffer/common/raster_cmd_format_test_autogen.h │
│ - gpu/command_buffer/common/shm_count.cc │
│ - gpu/command_buffer/common/unittest_main.cc │
│ - gpu/command_buffer/common/webgpu_cmd_format_autogen.h │
│ - gpu/command_buffer/service/command_buffer_service.cc │
│ - gpu/command_buffer/service/command_buffer_service.h │
│ - gpu/command_buffer/service/common_decoder.cc │
│ - gpu/command_buffer/service/common_decoder.h │
│ - gpu/command_buffer/service/dawn_platform.cc │
│ - gpu/command_buffer/service/dawn_platform.h │
│ - gpu/command_buffer/service/service_font_manager.cc │
│ - gpu/command_buffer/service/service_font_manager.h │
│ - gpu/command_buffer/service/shared_memory_region_wrapper.cc │
│ - gpu/config/gpu_driver_bug_list_unittest.cc │
│ - gpu/dawn_end2end_tests_main.cc │
│ - gpu/dawn_perf_tests_main.cc │
│ - gpu/dawn_unittests_main.cc │
│ - gpu/ipc/host/gpu_disk_cache.cc │
│ - gpu/swiftshader_tests_main.cc │
│ - gpu/vulkan/tests/vulkan_tests_main.cc │
│ - headless/app/headless_shell_main.cc │
│ - ipc/ipc_message_unittest.cc │
│ - ipc/run_all_perftests.cc │
│ - ipc/run_all_unittests.cc │
│ - media/audio/audio_encoders_unittest.cc │
│ - media/audio/audio_input_device_unittest.cc │
│ - media/audio/audio_output_device_thread_callback.cc │
│ - media/base/container_names.cc │
│ - media/base/container_names.h │
│ - media/base/container_names_unittest.cc │
│ - media/base/data_buffer.cc │
│ - media/base/data_source.h │
│ - media/base/run_all_perftests.cc │
│ - media/base/sinc_resampler_unittest.cc │
│ - media/capture/run_all_unittests.cc │
│ - media/cast/encoding/audio_encoder.cc │
│ - media/filters/blocking_url_protocol.cc │
│ - media/filters/blocking_url_protocol.h │
│ - media/filters/ffmpeg_glue.cc │
│ - media/filters/ffmpeg_glue.h │
│ - media/filters/file_data_source.cc │
│ - media/filters/file_data_source.h │
│ - media/filters/hls_data_source_provider.cc │
│ - media/filters/hls_data_source_provider.h │
│ - media/filters/hls_data_source_provider_impl.cc │
│ - media/filters/hls_test_helpers.cc │
│ - media/filters/in_memory_url_protocol.cc │
│ - media/filters/in_memory_url_protocol.h │
│ - media/filters/in_memory_url_protocol_unittest.cc │
│ - media/filters/memory_data_source.cc │
│ - media/filters/memory_data_source.h │
│ - media/filters/memory_data_source_unittest.cc │
│ - media/formats/mp2t/es_parser_adts.cc │
│ - media/formats/mp2t/es_parser_adts.h │
│ - media/formats/mp2t/es_parser_mpeg1audio.cc │
│ - media/formats/mp2t/ts_packet.cc │
│ - media/formats/mp2t/ts_packet.h │
│ - media/formats/mp2t/ts_section_pes.cc │
│ - media/formats/mp2t/ts_section_pes.h │
│ - media/formats/mp2t/ts_section_psi.cc │
│ - media/formats/mp4/aac_unittest.cc │
│ - media/formats/mp4/h265_annex_b_to_hevc_bitstream_converter.cc │
│ - media/formats/mp4/h265_annex_b_to_hevc_bitstream_converter_unittes │
│ t.cc │
│ - media/formats/mpeg/adts_stream_parser.cc │
│ - media/formats/mpeg/adts_stream_parser.h │
│ - media/formats/mpeg/mpeg1_audio_stream_parser.cc │
│ - media/formats/mpeg/mpeg1_audio_stream_parser.h │
│ - media/formats/mpeg/mpeg_audio_stream_parser_base.cc │
│ - media/formats/mpeg/mpeg_audio_stream_parser_base.h │
│ - media/formats/webm/cluster_builder.cc │
│ - media/gpu/h265_decoder.cc │
│ - media/gpu/test/image.cc │
│ - media/gpu/test/video_bitstream.cc │
│ - media/gpu/vaapi/test/decode.cc │
│ - media/gpu/vaapi/test/fake_libva_driver/fake_drv_video_unittest.cc │
│ - media/gpu/vaapi/test/h265_decoder.cc │
│ - media/gpu/vaapi/test/h265_decoder.h │
│ - media/parsers/h264_parser_unittest.cc │
│ - media/parsers/h265_nalu_parser.cc │
│ - media/parsers/h265_nalu_parser.h │
│ - media/parsers/h265_parser.cc │
│ - media/parsers/h265_parser.h │
│ - media/parsers/h265_parser_unittest.cc │
│ - media/parsers/ivf_parser.cc │
│ - media/parsers/ivf_parser.h │
│ - media/parsers/temporal_scalability_id_extractor.cc │
│ - media/parsers/temporal_scalability_id_extractor_unittest.cc │
│ - media/parsers/webp_parser_unittest.cc │
│ - media/test/run_all_unittests.cc │
│ - mojo/core/broker_messages.h │
│ - mojo/core/channel.cc │
│ - mojo/core/channel.h │
│ - mojo/core/channel_linux.cc │
│ - mojo/core/channel_posix.cc │
│ - mojo/core/channel_unittest.cc │
│ - mojo/core/core_ipcz_test.cc │
│ - mojo/core/data_pipe_unittest.cc │
│ - mojo/core/embedder_unittest.cc │
│ - mojo/core/ipcz_driver/driver.cc │
│ - mojo/core/ipcz_driver/transport.cc │
│ - mojo/core/ipcz_driver/transport.h │
│ - mojo/core/ipcz_driver/transport_test.cc │
│ - mojo/core/message_pipe_unittest.cc │
│ - mojo/core/message_unittest.cc │
│ - mojo/core/multiprocess_message_pipe_unittest.cc │
│ - mojo/core/platform_wrapper_unittest.cc │
│ - mojo/core/shared_buffer_unittest.cc │
│ - mojo/core/signals_unittest.cc │
│ - mojo/core/test/mojo_test_base.cc │
│ - mojo/core/test/mojo_test_base.h │
│ - mojo/core/test/mojo_test_suite_base.cc │
│ - mojo/core/test/mojo_test_suite_base.h │
│ - mojo/core/test/run_all_perftests.cc │
│ - mojo/core/test/run_all_unittests.cc │
│ - mojo/public/cpp/base/big_buffer.h │
│ - mojo/public/cpp/system/tests/core_unittest.cc │
│ - mojo/public/cpp/system/tests/wait_unittest.cc │
│ - mojo/public/cpp/system/wait.cc │
│ - mojo/public/cpp/system/wait.h │
│ - net/base/chunked_upload_data_stream_unittest.cc │
│ - net/base/elements_upload_data_stream_unittest.cc │
│ - net/base/file_stream_unittest.cc │
│ - net/base/io_buffer.cc │
│ - net/base/io_buffer.h │
│ - net/base/io_buffer_unittest.cc │
│ - net/device_bound_sessions/registration_fetcher.cc │
│ - net/disk_cache/backend_unittest.cc │
│ - net/disk_cache/entry_unittest.cc │
│ - net/disk_cache/simple/simple_index_file.cc │
│ - net/disk_cache/sql/sql_backend_impl_unittest.cc │
│ - net/disk_cache/sql/sql_persistent_store_unittest.cc │
│ - net/dns/dns_query_unittest.cc │
│ - net/dns/dns_response_unittest.cc │
│ - net/dns/dns_transaction.cc │
│ - net/dns/mdns_client_unittest.cc │
│ - net/dns/mock_mdns_socket_factory.cc │
│ - net/filter/brotli_source_stream.cc │
│ - net/filter/zstd_source_stream.cc │
│ - net/http/bidirectional_stream_unittest.cc │
│ - net/http/http_cache_unittest.cc │
│ - net/http/http_cache_writers_unittest.cc │
│ - net/http/http_stream_parser.cc │
│ - net/http/http_transaction_test_util.cc │
│ - net/http/http_transaction_test_util_unittest.cc │
│ - net/proxy_resolution/pac_file_fetcher_impl.cc │
│ - net/quic/bidirectional_stream_quic_impl_unittest.cc │
│ - net/quic/quic_chromium_client_stream.cc │
│ - net/quic/quic_chromium_client_stream_test.cc │
│ - net/quic/quic_chromium_packet_reader.cc │
│ - net/quic/quic_http_stream.cc │
│ - net/quic/quic_proxy_client_socket.cc │
│ - net/quic/quic_proxy_datagram_client_socket.cc │
│ - net/quic/quic_server_info.cc │
│ - net/server/http_connection_unittest.cc │
│ - net/server/http_server_unittest.cc │
│ - net/shared_dictionary/shared_dictionary_network_transaction_unitte │
│ st.cc │
│ - net/socket/sequenced_socket_data_unittest.cc │
│ - net/socket/socket_posix.cc │
│ - net/socket/socket_test_util.cc │
│ - net/socket/ssl_client_socket_impl.cc │
│ - net/socket/ssl_server_socket_impl.cc │
│ - net/socket/ssl_server_socket_unittest.cc │
│ - net/socket/tcp_socket_unittest.cc │
│ - net/socket/transport_client_socket_unittest.cc │
│ - net/socket/udp_socket_posix.cc │
│ - net/socket/udp_socket_unittest.cc │
│ - net/socket/unix_domain_client_socket_posix_unittest.cc │
│ - net/spdy/bidirectional_stream_spdy_impl_unittest.cc │
│ - net/spdy/fuzzing/hpack_example_generator.cc │
│ - net/spdy/spdy_http_stream_unittest.cc │
│ - net/spdy/spdy_network_transaction_unittest.cc │
│ - net/spdy/spdy_session_unittest.cc │
│ - net/test/embedded_test_server/http1_connection.cc │
│ - net/test/embedded_test_server/http2_connection.cc │
│ - net/test/net_test_suite.cc │
│ - net/test/net_test_suite.h │
│ - net/test/run_all_unittests.cc │
│ - │
│ net/test/url_request/url_request_test_job_backed_by_file_unittest.cc │
│ - net/tools/content_decoder_tool/content_decoder_tool.cc │
│ - net/tools/quic/quic_simple_server.cc │
│ - net/url_request/url_request.cc │
│ - net/url_request/url_request_test_util.cc │
│ - net/websockets/websocket_basic_stream_adapters_test.cc │
│ - net/websockets/websocket_deflate_stream_test.cc │
│ - net/websockets/websocket_deflater.cc │
│ - net/websockets/websocket_deflater_test.cc │
│ - net/websockets/websocket_inflater_test.cc │
│ - net/websockets/websocket_quic_spdy_stream.cc │
│ - remoting/base/compound_buffer.cc │
│ - remoting/base/compound_buffer.h │
│ - remoting/base/compound_buffer_unittest.cc │
│ - remoting/base/protobuf_http_stream_parser.cc │
│ - remoting/base/run_all_unittests.cc │
│ - remoting/base/typed_buffer.h │
│ - remoting/codec/video_encoder_vpx.cc │
│ - remoting/host/host_main.cc │
│ - remoting/host/security_key/security_key_socket.cc │
│ - remoting/host/setup/start_host_as_root.cc │
│ - remoting/host/setup/start_host_as_root.h │
│ - remoting/host/video_memory_utils.cc │
│ - remoting/protocol/channel_multiplexer.cc │
│ - remoting/protocol/channel_socket_adapter.cc │
│ - remoting/protocol/channel_socket_adapter_unittest.cc │
│ - remoting/protocol/chromium_socket_factory.cc │
│ - remoting/protocol/fake_datagram_socket.cc │
│ - remoting/protocol/fake_stream_socket.cc │
│ - remoting/protocol/message_decoder.cc │
│ - remoting/protocol/message_decoder_unittest.cc │
│ - remoting/protocol/message_reader_unittest.cc │
│ - remoting/protocol/message_serialization.cc │
│ - remoting/protocol/pseudotcp_adapter.cc │
│ - remoting/protocol/pseudotcp_adapter_unittest.cc │
│ - remoting/protocol/stream_packet_socket.cc │
│ - remoting/protocol/stun_tcp_packet_processor.cc │
│ - remoting/test/capability_test_stub_main.cc │
│ - remoting/test/fake_socket_factory.cc │
│ - remoting/test/it2me_cli_host_main.cc │
│ - sandbox/linux/services/credentials.cc │
│ - sandbox/linux/tests/main.cc │
│ - services/data_decoder/public/cpp/json_sanitizer_fuzztests.cc │
│ - services/network/public/cpp/data_pipe_to_source_stream_unittest.cc │
│ - services/network/shared_dictionary/shared_dictionary_disk_cache_un │
│ ittest.cc │
│ - services/network/shared_dictionary/shared_dictionary_on_disk_unitt │
│ est.cc │
│ - services/network/shared_dictionary/shared_dictionary_writer_in_mem │
│ ory_unittest.cc │
│ - services/network/shared_dictionary/shared_dictionary_writer_on_dis │
│ k_unittest.cc │
│ - services/network/slop_bucket.cc │
│ - services/test/run_all_unittests.cc │
│ - services/tracing/public/cpp/perfetto/shared_memory.cc │
│ - sql/sqlite_features_unittest.cc │
│ - sql/test/run_all_unittests.cc │
│ - sql/test/sql_test_suite.cc │
│ - sql/test/sql_test_suite.h │
│ - storage/common/run_all_unittests.cc │
│ - testing/libfuzzer/fuzzers/paint_vector_icon_fuzztest.cc │
│ - testing/libfuzzer/fuzztest_wrapper.cpp │
│ - testing/rust_gtest_interop/rust_gtest_interop_unittest_main.cc │
│ - third_party/blink/common/test/run_all_unittests.cc │
│ - third_party/blink/common/user_agent/user_agent_metadata.cc │
│ - third_party/blink/renderer/controller/tests/run_all_perftests.cc │
│ - third_party/blink/renderer/controller/tests/run_all_tests.cc │
│ - third_party/blink/renderer/platform/media/multi_buffer_data_source │
│ .cc │
│ - │
│ third_party/blink/renderer/platform/media/multi_buffer_data_source.h │
│ - third_party/blink/renderer/platform/media/multi_buffer_reader.cc │
│ - third_party/blink/renderer/platform/media/multi_buffer_reader.h │
│ - third_party/blink/renderer/platform/media/multi_buffer_unittest.cc │
│ - third_party/blink/renderer/platform/peerconnection/resolution_moni │
│ tor_unittest.cc │
│ - third_party/blink/renderer/platform/testing/blink_fuzzer_test_supp │
│ ort.cc │
│ - third_party/blink/renderer/platform/testing/blink_fuzzer_test_supp │
│ ort.h │
│ - third_party/blink/renderer/platform/text/character_property_data_g │
│ enerator.cc │
│ - third_party/crashpad/crashpad/snapshot/capture_memory.cc │
│ - third_party/crashpad/crashpad/snapshot/memory_snapshot_generic.h │
│ - third_party/crashpad/crashpad/util/net/http_body_gzip_test.cc │
│ - third_party/crashpad/crashpad/util/net/http_body_test_util.cc │
│ - third_party/crashpad/crashpad/util/process/process_memory_test.cc │
│ - third_party/lzma_sdk/google/seven_zip_reader.cc │
│ - third_party/zlib/google/zip_reader.cc │
│ - tools/android/md5sum/md5sum.cc │
│ - tools/imagediff/image_diff.cc │
│ - ui/accessibility/run_all_unittests.cc │
│ - ui/base/clipboard/scoped_clipboard_writer.cc │
│ - ui/base/test/run_all_unittests.cc │
│ - ui/base/webui/i18n_source_stream.cc │
│ - ui/compositor/run_all_unittests.cc │
│ - ui/gfx/harfbuzz_font_skia.cc │
│ - ui/gfx/test/run_all_unittests.cc │
│ - ui/gl/angle_platform_impl.cc │
│ - ui/gl/test/run_all_unittests.cc │
│ - ui/message_center/test/run_all_unittests.cc │
│ - ui/ozone/demo/ozone_demo.cc │
│ - ui/ozone/demo/skia/skia_demo.cc │
│ - ui/ozone/platform/wayland/host/wayland_exchange_data_provider_unit │
│ test.cc │
│ - ui/ozone/test/ozone_integration_tests_main.cc │
│ - ui/shell_dialogs/run_all_unittests.cc │
│ - ui/snapshot/test/run_all_unittests.cc │
│ - ui/surface/transport_dib.cc │
│ - ui/tests/run_all_unittests.cc │
│ - ui/views/examples/examples_main.cc │
│ - ui/views/examples/examples_unittest_main.cc │
│ - ui/views/views_perftests.cc │
│ - ui/views_content_client/views_content_client.cc │
│ - ui/views_content_client/views_content_client.h │
│ - ui/webui/examples/app/main.cc │
│ - url/origin.cc │
│ - url/run_all_perftests.cc │
│ - url/run_all_unittests.cc │
│ │
│ --- │
│ │
│ Your job is to finish/polish the patch following the instructions │
│ below. │
│ Your job is done when the patch is ready. Do not start trying to │
│ spanify files beyond the scope of this patch. │
│ You should first examine the patch with `git show HEAD`. │
│ When the job is done, say "GEMINI_JOB_COMPLETE_GEMINI". │
│ │
│ ### **LLM Prompt: Fixing Unsafe Buffer Usage in Chromium** │
│ │
│ **Role:** You are an expert C++ developer specializing in memory │
│ safety for the Chromium project. Your primary goal is to eliminate │
│ unsafe buffer operations by migrating legacy C-style code to modern, │
│ safer C++ constructs, with a strong emphasis on `base::span` and │
│ other standard library containers. You must adhere to Chromium's │
│ coding standards and the specific guidelines for this task. │
│ │
│ **Task:** Your task is to fix unsafe buffer usage in a given C++ │
│ file. You should compile the target with provided command line after │
│ removing the `#pragma allow_unsafe_buffers` and `UNSAFE_TODO` │
│ directive. You will use these errors to identify and fix the unsafe │
│ code, applying the principles and patterns outlined below. **Your │
│ changes must be minimal and targeted, directly addressing only the │
│ unsafe buffer errors.** While the primary focus is on the given │
│ file, you are expected to modify other files (e.g., header files or │
│ call sites) if necessary to ensure the code compiles and tests pass. │
│ │
│ ### **Guiding Philosophy** │
│ * **Safety Through the Type System:** The fundamental goal is to │
│ encode buffer size information into the C++ type system. A `char*` │
│ has no size information, making it unsafe. A `base::span<char>` has │
│ a size, making it safe. Every change you make should serve this │
│ principle. │
│ * **Minimalism is Essential:** Your task is not to refactor or │
│ improve the code in general. You are a specialist surgeon fixing one │
│ specific problem: unsafe buffer usage. Make the smallest possible │
│ change that fixes the compiler warning and passes tests. │
│ * **Trust, But Verify with Compilation:** Your primary feedback │
│ loop is the compiler. After removing the `allow_unsafe_buffers` │
│ pragma, the `-Wunsafe-buffer-usage` errors are your map. Use them to │
│ identify every location that needs a fix. │
│ │
│ │
│ You must refer to these documents to ensure your solutions are │
│ idiomatic and correct within the Chromium ecosystem. │
│ │
│ # Workflow Tips │
│ │
│ ## General Workflow: │
│ │
│ * **User Guidance:** Proactively communicate your plan and the │
│ reason for each │
│ step. │
│ * **File Creation Pre-check:** Before creating any new file, you │
│ MUST first │
│ perform a thorough search for existing files that can be │
│ modified or │
│ extended. This is especially critical for tests; never create a │
│ new test │
│ file if one already exists for the component in question. Always │
│ add new │
│ tests to the existing test file. │
│ * **Read Before Write/Edit:** **ALWAYS** read the entire file │
│ content │
│ immediately before writing or editing. │
│ │
│ ## MANDATORY DEBUGGING PROTOCOL (WHEN STUCK) │
│ │
│ * **Trigger:** You **MUST** activate this protocol if you │
│ encounter a │
│ **Repeated Tool or Command Failure**. │
│ │
│ * **Definition of Repeated Failure:** A tool or command (e.g., │
│ `autoninja`, `autotest.py`, `git cl format`, `replace`) │
│ fails. You apply │
│ a fix or change your approach. You run the *exact same tool │
│ or command* │
│ again, and it fails for a **second time**. │
│ * **Sensitivity:** This protocol is intentionally highly │
│ sensitive. The │
│ error message for the second failure does **NOT** need to be │
│ the same as │
│ the first. Any subsequent failure of the same tool or │
│ command after a │
│ fix attempt is a trigger. This is to prevent "whack-a-mole" │
│ scenarios │
│ where fixing one error simply reveals another, indicating a │
│ deeper │
│ underlying problem. │
│ │
│ *Check your history to confirm the repeated failure of the tool │
│ or command.* │
│ │
│ * **Action:** If the trigger condition is met: │
│ │
│ 1. **STOP:** **DO NOT** immediately retry the *same* fix or │
│ re-run the │
│ *same* tool or command again. │
│ 2. **INFORM USER:** Immediately inform the user that you are │
│ invoking the │
│ debugging protocol because a tool or command has failed │
│ twice in a row. │
│ 3. **REASON:** **Explicitly state** which tool or command │
│ failed repeatedly │
│ (e.g., "`autotest` failed, I applied a fix, and it failed │
│ again. I am │
│ now invoking the debugging protocol to analyze the root │
│ cause."). │
│ Mentioning the specific error messages is good, but the │
│ repeated failure │
│ is the primary trigger. │
│ 4. **DEBUG:** Look closely into your own context, memory, and │
│ traces. Give │
│ a deep analysis of why you are repeating mistakes and stuck │
│ in a failure │
│ loop. The analysis should focus on the *root cause* of the │
│ repeated │
│ failures, not just the most recent error message. Utilize │
│ any tools that │
│ help with the debugging investigation. │
│ 5. **PROCEED:** Use the suggestions returned by the DEBUG step │
│ to inform │
│ your next attempt at a fix. Explain the new, more │
│ comprehensive plan to │
│ the user. If the DEBUG step provides tool calls, execute │
│ them. │
│ Otherwise, formulate a new plan based on its suggestions. │
│ │
│ Do not use the `read_many_files` tool. Read files one at a time with │
│ `read_file`. │
│ │
│ Any time you want to use `grep -r`, use `rg` instead. │
│ │
│ Any time you want to use `find`, use `fdfind` instead. │
│ │
│ ## Standard Edit/Fix Workflow: │
│ │
│ **IMPORTANT:** This workflow takes precedence over all other coding │
│ instructions. Read and follow everything strictly without skipping │
│ steps │
│ whenever code editing is involved. Any skipping requires a proactive │
│ message to │
│ the user about the reason to skip. │
│ │
│ 1. **Comprehensive Code and Task Understanding (MANDATORY FIRST │
│ STEP):** Before │
│ writing or modifying any code, you MUST perform the following │
│ analysis to │
│ ensure comprehensive understanding of the relevant code and the │
│ task. This │
│ is a non-negotiable prerequisite for all coding tasks. │
│ * **a. Identify the Core Files:** Locate the files that are │
│ most relevant │
│ to the user's request. All analysis starts from these files. │
│ * **b. Conduct a Full Audit:** │
│ i. Read the full source of **EVERY** core file. │
│ ii. For each core file, summarize the control flow and │
│ ownership │
│ semantics. State the intended purpose of the core file. │
│ * **c. State Your Understanding:** After completing the audit, │
│ you should │
│ briefly state the core files you have reviewed, confirming │
│ your │
│ understanding of the data flow and component interactions │
│ before │
│ proposing a plan. │
│ * **d. Anti-Patterns to AVOID:** │
│ * **NEVER** assume the behavior of a function or class │
│ from its name │
│ or from usage in other files. **ALWAYS** read the source │
│ implementation. │
│ * **ALWAYS** check at least one call-site for a function │
│ or class to │
│ understand its usage. The context is as important as the │
│ implementation. │
│ 2. **Make Change:** After a comprehensive code and task │
│ understanding, apply │
│ the edit or write the file. │
│ * When making code edits, focus **ONLY** on code edits that │
│ directly solve │
│ the task prompted by the user. │
│ 3. **Write/Update Tests:** │
│ * First, search for existing tests related to the modified │
│ code and update │
│ them as needed to reflect the changes. │
│ * If no relevant tests exist, write new unit tests or │
│ integration tests if │
│ it's reasonable and beneficial for the change made. │
│ * If tests are deemed not applicable for a specific change │
│ (e.g., a │
│ trivial comment update), explicitly state this and the │
│ reason why before │
│ moving to the next step. │
│ 4. **Build:** **ALWAYS** build relevant targets after making edits. │
│ 5. **Fix compile errors:** **ALWAYS** follow these steps to fix │
│ compile errors. │
│ * **ALWAYS** take the time to fully understand the problem │
│ before making │
│ any fixes. │
│ * **ALWAYS** read at least one new file for each compile │
│ error. │
│ * **ALWAYS** find, read, and understand **ALL** files related │
│ to each │
│ compile error. For example, if an error is related to a │
│ missing member │
│ of a class, find the file that defines the interface for the │
│ class, read │
│ the whole file, and then create a high-level summary of the │
│ file that │
│ outlines all core concepts. Come up with a plan to fix the │
│ error. │
│ * **ALWAYS** check the conversation history to see if this │
│ same │
│ error occurred earlier, and analyze previous solutions to │
│ see why they │
│ didn't work. │
│ * **NEVER** make speculative fixes. You should be confident │
│ before │
│ applying any fix that it will work. If you are not │
│ confident, read more │
│ files. │
│ 6. **Test:** **ALWAYS** run relevant tests after a successful │
│ build. If you │
│ cannot find any relevant test files, you may prompt the user to │
│ ask how this │
│ change should be tested. │
│ 7. **Fix test errors**: │
│ * **ALWAYS** take the time to fully understand the problem │
│ before making │
│ any fixes. │
│ 8. **Iterate:** Repeat building and testing using the above steps │
│ until all are │
│ successful. │
│ │
│ --- │
│ │
│ ### **Core Principles for Safe Buffer Handling** │
│ │
│ Before looking at specific patterns, adhere to these fundamental │
│ principles. │
│ │
│ * **Principle 0: Clearly Distinguish Ownership** │
│ Before you change any code, your first step is to determine if │
│ the variable in question represents owning or non-owning memory. │
│ This single decision dictates the correct C++ type to use. │
│ │
│ * **Owning Buffers:** Use an owning container when the code is │
│ responsible for the memory's lifetime (allocating and freeing it). │
│ * `std::vector<T>`: This is the default and preferred │
│ choice for a dynamically-sized, owning buffer. │
│ * `std::string`: The standard choice for owning a buffer │
│ of characters. │
│ * `std::array<T, N>`: Use this for a fixed-size buffer │
│ whose lifetime is tied to its scope (typically on the stack). It's a │
│ direct, safer replacement for C-style arrays like `int │
│ my_array[10];`. │
│ * `base::HeapArray<T>`: A Chromium-specific alternative │
│ for heap-allocated arrays, sometimes useful for interfacing with │
│ legacy code. │
│ │
│ * **Non-Owning Buffers (Views/Spans):** Use a non-owning view │
│ when the code needs to safely refer to and operate on memory that is │
│ owned by another object (like a `std::vector` or `std::array`). │
│ * `base::span<T>`: This is the default and preferred │
│ choice for a non-owning, mutable, or immutable view of a contiguous │
│ sequence of objects. It's the primary tool for replacing `(T* ptr, │
│ size_t size)` parameters. │
│ * `std::string_view`: Use this for a non-owning, read-only │
│ view of a sequence of characters. It provides a rich set of │
│ string-manipulation methods (`.starts_with()`, `.find()`, etc.) that │
│ `base::span<const char>` lacks. │
│ │
│ * **Principle 1: Avoid Unsafe APIs, Even If They Look Modern.** │
│ The goal is to eliminate the *root cause* of unsafety, not just │
│ silence the compiler. Certain modern-looking APIs are still unsafe. │
│ │
│ * **DO NOT USE:** The `base::span(pointer, size)` constructor. │
│ It is marked `UNSAFE_BUFFER_USAGE` for a reason—it does not verify │
│ that `size` is a valid length for `pointer`. Using it is no safer │
│ than the original code. │
│ * **DO NOT USE:** `std::next()` or `std::advance()` to silence │
│ buffer warnings. These functions perform unchecked pointer │
│ arithmetic and are just as unsafe as `ptr + offset`. │
│ ```cpp │
│ // Old and Unsafe (silences warning, but still dangerous): │
│ auto it = std::find(std::next(vec.begin(), offset), │
│ vec.end(), 20); │
│ // New and Safe: │
│ auto it = std::ranges::find(base::span(vec).subspan(offset), │
│ 20); │
│ ``` │
│ * **DO NOT USE:** `base::StringView`. This is a legacy, │
│ deprecated type. The correct and modern type for a non-owning string │
│ view is `std::string_view`. Be mindful to use the `std` namespace │
│ for string views. │
│ * **DO NOT USE: `UNSAFE_BUFFERS` without a safety │
│ justification.** Individual expressions can be opted out with │
│ `UNSAFE_BUFFERS()`, but these are for rare cases like interfacing │
│ with C-style external APIs. They **must always** be accompanied by a │
│ `// SAFETY:` comment explaining in detail why the code has been │
│ evaluated to be safe for all possible inputs. Code without this │
│ justification should be rejected. │
│ │
│ * **Principle 3: Prefer Safe, Size-Aware Constructors and │
│ Factories.** Always create spans from sources that already know │
│ their own size. This is the key to memory safety. │
│ │
│ * **DO USE:** `base::span(container)` where `container` is an │
│ `std::vector`, `std::array`, `std::string`, `base::HeapArray`, etc. │
│ * **DO USE:** `base::span(other_span).subspan(...)` to create │
│ safe views into existing spans. │
│ * **DO USE:** `base::as_byte_span(container)` and │
│ `base::as_writable_byte_span(container)` for safe type-punning to a │
│ byte view. │
│ * **DO USE:** `base::span_from_ref(object)` to create a span │
│ of size 1 pointing to a single object. │
│ * **DO USE:** `base::byte_span_from_ref(object)` for a byte │
│ view of a single object. │
│ │
│ --- │
│ │
│ ### **Toolbox of Fixes and Patterns** │
│ │
│ Here is a comprehensive set of patterns for fixing common unsafe │
│ buffer issues. │
│ │
│ #### **1. Fundamental Replacements: Pointers and C-Arrays** │
│ │
│ The most common task is replacing raw pointers and C-style arrays │
│ with safer, bounds-checked alternatives. │
│ │
│ * **Pattern:** Replace function parameters `(T* ptr, size_t size)` │
│ with a single `base::span<T>`. │
│ │
│ * **Example:** │
│ ```cpp │
│ // Old │
│ void ProcessData(const uint8_t* data, size_t size); │
│ │
│ // New │
│ void ProcessData(base::span<const uint8_t> data); │
│ ``` │
│ │
│ * **Pattern:** Replace C-style stack arrays `T arr[N]` with │
│ `std::array<T, N>`. For string literals, `std::to_array` is a │
│ convenient helper. │
│ │
│ * **Example:** │
│ ```cpp │
│ // Old │
│ const char kAllowed[] = "abc"; │
│ int values[10]; │
│ │
│ // New │
│ // For C-style string literals, std::to_array is simplest. │
│ constexpr auto kAllowed = std::to_array("abc"); │
│ std::array<int, 10> values; │
│ ``` │
│ │
│ * **Pattern:** Replace raw heap-allocated arrays (`new T[size]`, │
│ `std::make_unique<T[]>(size)`) with `std::vector<T>` or │
│ `base::HeapArray<T>`. │
│ │
│ * **Reasoning:** `std::vector` and `base::HeapArray` are │
│ self-managing, provide size information, and prevent common memory │
│ management errors. They also integrate perfectly with `base::span`. │
│ * **Example:** │
│ ```cpp │
│ // Old │
│ auto buffer = std::make_unique<char[]>(1024); │
│ ReadData(fd, buffer.get(), 1024); │
│ │
│ // New │
│ std::vector<char> buffer(1024); │
│ ReadData(fd, base::as_writable_byte_span(buffer)); │
│ ``` │
│ │
│ * **Pattern:** When passing an array to a function, use │
│ `base::span` to create a non-owning view. │
│ │
│ * **Example:** │
│ ```cpp │
│ std::array<int, 10> my_array; │
│ // Old: ProcessData(my_array.data(), my_array.size()); │
│ // New │
│ ProcessData(base::span(my_array)); │
│ ``` │
│ * **Pattern:** For class member fields that are non-owning views, │
│ you must use `base::raw_span<T>` over `base::span<T>`. │
│ * **Reasoning:** This is a critical memory safety requirement. │
│ `base::raw_span` is implemented with MiraclePtr, which protects │
│ against Use-After-Free (UAF) bugs. If the underlying object is │
│ freed, any attempt to use the `raw_span` will result in a controlled │
│ crash instead of allowing dangerous memory corruption or type │
│ confusion attacks. A regular `base::span` offers no UAF protection. │
│ ```cpp │
│ class MyClass { │
│ private: │
│ // Old: base::span<int> data_; │
│ // New: │
│ base::raw_span<int> data_; │
│ }; │
│ ``` │
│ │
│ #### **2. Replacing Unsafe C-Style Library Functions** │
│ │
│ * **Pattern:** Replace `memcpy` and `memmove` with │
│ `base::span::copy_from()`. │
│ * **Reasoning:** Do not use `std::ranges::copy`. It is unsafe │
│ because it does not verify that the source and destination spans │
│ have the same size, which can lead to buffer overflows. │
│ `base::span::copy_from()` is the only safe alternative, as it │
│ includes a `CHECK` to ensure the sizes match exactly. │
│ * **Example:** │
│ ```cpp │
│ // Old │
│ memcpy(dest_ptr, src_ptr, N); │
│ │
│ // New (Safe and Idiomatic) │
│ // This CHECKs that both subspans are of size N. │
│ dest_span.first(N).copy_from(src_span.first(N)); │
│ ``` │
│ │
│ * **Pattern:** Replace `memset` with `std::ranges::fill()`. │
│ │
│ * **Example:** │
│ ```cpp │
│ // Old │
│ memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer)); │
│ │
│ // New │
│ std::ranges::fill(my_span, 0); │
│ ``` │
│ │
│ * **Pattern:** Replace `memcmp` with `base::span::operator==` or │
│ `std::ranges::equal`. │
│ │
│ * **Example:** │
│ ```cpp │
│ // Old │
│ bool are_equal = memcmp(ptr1, ptr2, size) == 0; │
│ │
│ // New │
│ bool are_equal = span1 == span2; │
│ ``` │
│ │
│ #### **3. Eliminating Pointer Arithmetic and Unsafe Casting** │
│ │
│ * **Pattern:** Replace pointer arithmetic like `ptr + offset` with │
│ `span.subspan(offset)`. │
│ │
│ * **Example:** │
│ ```cpp │
│ // Old │
│ ProcessData(data + 10, size - 10); │
│ │
│ // New │
│ ProcessData(data_span.subspan(10)); │
│ ``` │
│ │
│ * **Pattern:** Avoid `reinterpret_cast` for changing element │
│ types. Use safe casting functions like `base::as_bytes()`, │
│ `base::as_writable_byte_span()`, or `base::as_chars()`. │
│ │
│ * **Example:** │
│ ```cpp │
│ // Old │
│ const uint8_t* bytes = reinterpret_cast<const │
│ uint8_t*>(str.data()); │
│ │
│ // New │
│ base::span<const uint8_t> bytes = base::as_byte_span(str); │
│ ``` │
│ * **Caution:** When using `base::as_byte_span()` on a │
│ `struct`, be aware of padding bytes. If the struct's padding is not │
│ explicitly initialized (e.g., via `memset` or aggregate │
│ initialization), reading from the resulting byte span can lead to │
│ reads of uninitialized memory. This is safest with spans of │
│ primitive types. │
│ │
│ * **Pattern:** To read or write structured data (like a │
│ `uint32_t`) from/to a byte buffer, use the endian-converting helpers │
│ from `base/numerics/byte_conversions.h`. │
│ │
│ * **Example (Writing):** │
│ ```cpp │
│ // Old (UNSAFE AND UNDEFINED BEHAVIOR) │
│ *reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(byte_span.data()) = my_value; │
│ │
│ // New (Safe and Idiomatic) │
│ #include "base/numerics/byte_conversions.h" │
│ auto value_bytes = base::U32ToLittleEndian(my_value); │
│ byte_span.first(value_bytes.size()).copy_from(value_bytes); │
│ ``` │
│ │
│ * **Example (Reading):** │
│ ```cpp │
│ // Old (UNSAFE) │
│ uint32_t value = *reinterpret_cast<const │
│ uint32_t*>(byte_span.data()); │
│ │
│ // New (Safe and Idiomatic) │
│ #include "base/numerics/byte_conversions.h" │
│ uint32_t value = │
│ base::U32FromLittleEndian(byte_span.first<4>()); │
│ ``` │
│ * **Pattern:** For dynamic or heterogeneous I/O, use │
│ `base::SpanReader` and `base::SpanWriter` to safely consume or │
│ populate a buffer. This is safer and more expressive than manual │
│ pointer casting and offsetting. │
│ * **Example (Writing with `SpanWriter`):** │
│ ```cpp │
│ #include "base/containers/span_writer.h" │
│ #include "base/numerics/byte_conversions.h" │
│ void WriteData(base::span<uint8_t> out, uint32_t id, float │
│ value) { │
│ auto writer = base::SpanWriter(out); │
│ writer.WriteU32BigEndian(id); │
│ writer.Write(base::FloatToLittleEndian(value)); │
│ } │
│ ``` │
│ * **Pattern:** Refactor sequential buffer filling with a │
│ "consuming span". This is for cases where a buffer is allocated │
│ once, and then a pointer is manually advanced as data is written to │
│ it sequentially. │
│ * **Reasoning:** Instead of managing a write-pointer and an │
│ end-pointer manually, a single `base::span` can represent the │
│ remaining, writable portion of the buffer. This is safer and more │
│ expressive. │
│ * **Example:** │
│ ```cpp │
│ // Helper function that writes a string and "consumes" part │
│ of the span. │
│ void WriteStringAndAdvance(base::span<char>& buffer, const │
│ char* str) { │
│ if (!str) { │
│ return; │
│ } │
│ const size_t len_with_null = strlen(str) + 1; │
│ DCHECK_GE(buffer.size(), len_with_null); │
│ memcpy(buffer.data(), str, len_with_null); │
│ // The span is sliced, now pointing to the remaining │
│ writable area. │
│ buffer = buffer.subspan(len_with_null); │
│ } │
│ │
│ // Old function that manually manages pointers. │
│ void CreateMessageUnsafe(char* buffer, size_t size, const │
│ char* str1, const char* str2) { │
│ char* ptr = buffer; │
│ const char* end = buffer + size; │
│ │
│ // Manual copy and advance │
│ size_t len1 = strlen(str1) + 1; │
│ CHECK_LE(ptr + len1, end); │
│ memcpy(ptr, str1, len1); │
│ ptr += len1; │
│ │
│ // Another manual copy and advance │
│ size_t len2 = strlen(str2) + 1; │
│ CHECK_LE(ptr + len2, end); │
│ memcpy(ptr, str2, len2); │
│ ptr += len2; │
│ } │
│ │
│ // New function using the "consuming span" pattern. │
│ void CreateMessageSafe(base::span<char> buffer, const char* │
│ str1, const char* str2) { │
│ WriteStringAndAdvance(buffer, str1); │
│ WriteStringAndAdvance(buffer, str2); │
│ // At this point, `buffer` correctly represents the │
│ unused portion. │
│ } │
│ ``` │
│ * **Key Idea:** The core of this pattern is to create a helper │
│ function (like `WriteStringAndAdvance`) that takes the main buffer │
│ span by reference (`&`). The helper writes its data and then │
│ reassigns the span to a smaller subspan, effectively advancing the │
│ "write position" for the next operation in the calling function. │
│ │
│ #### **4. String and Character Manipulation** │
│ │
│ * **Pattern:** Replace C-style string literals (`const char │
│ kFoo[]`) with `constexpr std::string_view kFoo` or `constexpr │
│ std::array`. │
│ * **Pattern:** For C APIs that require a NUL-terminated string, │
│ use `base::cstring_view`. │
│ * **Pattern:** Replace C-style string functions (`strcmp`, │
│ `strstr`, etc.) with `std::string_view` methods (`operator==`, │
│ `.find()`, etc.). │
│ * **Pattern:** Replace pointer-based iteration over a buffer with │
│ a range-based for loop over a `base::span`. │
│ * **Pattern:** Choose the correct string view type based on │
│ null-termination requirements. │
│ * **Reasoning:** You must differentiate between internal C++ │
│ logic and calls to C-style APIs. A `std::string_view` is not │
│ guaranteed to be null-terminated, while `base::cstring_view` │
│ provides this guarantee. Using the wrong type can lead to buffer │
│ over-reads. │
│ * **Decision Flow:** │
│ * If the string is only used with modern C++ methods (like │
│ `.find()` or range `for` loops) that use an explicit size, use │
│ `std::string_view`. │
│ * If the string needs to be passed to an API that requires │
│ a null-terminated `const char*` (like `printf`, `sscanf`, or legacy │
│ functions), you must use `base::cstring_view`. │
│ * **Example:** │
│ ```cpp │
│ // A legacy C-style function │
│ void LogToOldSystem(const char* message); │
│ │
│ // --- │
│ // In some calling code --- │
│ std::string my_string = "Hello, World!"; │
│ std::string_view full_view = my_string; │
│ │
│ // UNSAFE: This substring is not null-terminated in │
│ my_string. │
│ std::string_view unsafe_view = full_view.substr(7, 5); // │
│ "World" │
│ // LogToOldSystem(unsafe_view.data()); // BUG! Reads past │
│ "d" into garbage. │
│ │
│ // SAFE: Create a new std::string which is guaranteed to be │
│ null-terminated. │
│ std::string safe_string(unsafe_view); │
│ LogToOldSystem(safe_string.c_str()); │
│ │
│ // IDEAL: Use a type that enforces the contract. │
│ // If the source is already a C-string, cstring_view is │
│ zero-copy. │
│ base::cstring_view safe_c_view = "Hello, World!"; │
│ LogToOldSystem(safe_c_view.c_str()); │
│ ``` │
│ │
│ │
│ #### **5. Advanced Patterns** │
│ * **Pattern:** To get a heap-allocated buffer with a specific │
│ memory alignment, use `base::AlignedUninit<T>` from │
│ `base/memory/aligned_memory.h`. │
│ ```cpp │
│ #include "base/memory/aligned_memory.h" │
│ // Get an uninitialized array of 16 floats, aligned to 32 bytes. │
│ base::AlignedHeapArray<float> array = │
│ base::AlignedUninit<float>(16, 32); │
│ ``` │
│ │
│ #### **6. Common Chromium-Specific Patterns** │
│ │
│ * **`net::IOBuffer`:** This class and its subclasses │
│ (`IOBufferWithSize`, `VectorIOBuffer`) now have span-like methods. │
│ Use them. │
│ │
│ * **Example:** │
│ ```cpp │
│ // Old │
│ auto data_view = base::span( │
│ reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(io_buffer->data()), │
│ data_len); │
│ │
│ // New │
│ auto data_view = io_buffer->first(data_len); │
│ ``` │
│ │
│ * **`net::VectorIOBuffer`:** To create a buffer with known │
│ content, prefer constructing a `net::VectorIOBuffer` directly from a │
│ `std::vector` or `base::span` instead of allocating a raw buffer │
│ and using `memcpy`. │
│ │
│ * **Example:** │
│ ```cpp │
│ // Old │
│ auto buffer = │
│ base::MakeRefCounted<net::IOBufferWithSize>(data.size()); │
│ memcpy(buffer->data(), data.data(), data.size()); │
│ │
│ // New │
│ auto buffer = │
│ base::MakeRefCounted<net::VectorIOBuffer>(data); │
│ ``` │
│ │
│ #### **7. Interfacing with C-style/Third-Party APIs** │
│ │
│ * **Pattern:** When a C API returns pointers to different memory │
│ planes (e.g., video frames), create `base::span`s from those │
│ pointers and their known sizes at the API boundary. Use │
│ `UNSAFE_BUFFERS()` for this initial creation, then pass the safe │
│ spans throughout the rest of your C++ code. │
│ * **Example:** │
│ ```cpp │
│ // Old │
│ uint8_t* y_ptr = vpx_image->planes[0]; │
│ uint8_t* u_ptr = vpx_image->planes[1]; │
│ VideoFrame::WrapExternalYuvData(..., y_ptr, u_ptr, ...); │
│ │
│ // New │
│ // SAFETY: libvpx guarantees these pointers and sizes are │
│ valid. │
│ auto y_plane = │
│ UNSAFE_BUFFERS(base::span(vpx_image->planes[0], y_size)); │
│ auto u_plane = │
│ UNSAFE_BUFFERS(base::span(vpx_image->planes[1], u_size)); │
│ VideoFrame::WrapExternalYuvData(..., y_plane, u_plane, ...); │
│ ``` │
│ │
│ #### **8. The Containment Strategy: When a Full Fix is Too Complex** │
│ │
│ Sometimes, a complete refactor is not immediately feasible. In these │
│ cases, contain the unsafe operations. │
│ │
│ * **Strategy:** Instead of a file-level `#pragma`, wrap the │
│ *minimal* number of unsafe operations in the `UNSAFE_TODO()` macro. │
│ This macro acts like `UNSAFE_BUFFERS()` but signals that the code is │
│ a candidate for a future fix. │
│ * **Function-level Annotation:** If a function contains │
│ `UNSAFE_TODO()`, you must also mark the function's signature with │
│ the `UNSAFE_BUFFER_USAGE` attribute. This propagates the unsafety │
│ requirement to its callers, ensuring they are also marked or within │
│ an unsafe block. │
│ * **Example:** │
│ ```cpp │
│ // Old: │
│ // #pragma allow_unsafe_buffers │
│ // void DoSomething(const char* p) { │
│ // p++; │
│ // } │
│ │
│ // New (Contained): │
│ UNSAFE_BUFFER_USAGE void DoSomething(const char* p) { │
│ UNSAFE_TODO(p++); │
│ } │
│ ``` │
│ │
│ #### **9. Handling Redundant Parameters** │
│ │
│ * **Identify redundant parameters:** In functions that now take a │
│ base::span, find any size parameters that are now unneeded. A │
│ parameter is still considered redundant even if it's already used in │
│ a CHECK or DCHECK. │
│ │
│ * **Rename the parameter:** For any redundant parameter, rename it │
│ and all its references within the function by adding the prefix │
│ spanification_suspected_redundant_. │
│ │
│ * **Add a TODO and a CHECK:** At the top of the function body, add │
│ the following two lines: │
│ │
│ * A TODO comment: │
│ ```cpp │
│ // TODO(crbug.com/431824301): Remove unneeded parameter once │
│ validated to be redundant in M143. │
│ ``` │
│ * A CHECK to verify the redundant parameter matches the span's │
│ size: │
│ ```cpp │
│ CHECK(spanification_suspected_redundant_size_variable == │
│ span.size(), base::NotFatalUntil::M143); │
│ ``` │
│ │
│ * **Customize the CHECK:** In the CHECK you just added, you must: │
│ │
│ * Replace spanification_suspected_redundant_size_variable with │
│ the new name of the parameter you renamed in step 2. │
│ │
│ * Replace span.size() with a call to the actual base::span │
│ parameter's .size() method. │
│ │
│ * **Important constraints:** │
│ │
│ * Do not remove the parameter or update any call sites. │
│ │
│ * Do not change the function's logic to use span.size(); │
│ continue to use the newly-renamed parameter variable. │
│ │
│ * Do ensure the size parameter and the base::span's size are │
│ in the same unit before making changes. │
│ │
│ * Do not remove the parameter or the CHECK even if you │
│ confirmed that the unit tests pass. │
│ │
│ #### **10. Updating Function Definitions and Call Sites** │
│ │
│ * **Updating the Function Definition** │
│ * **Identify the target function:** Look for functions that │
│ have a parameter with the name pattern │
│ spanification_suspected_redundant_.... │
│ * **Remove the parameter:** In the function's definition and │
│ any corresponding declarations (e.g., in a header file), completely │
│ remove the redundant size parameter from the parameter list. │
│ * **Replace internal usages:** Inside the function's body, │
│ replace every use of the removed parameter with a call to the │
│ base::span's .size() method (e.g., my_span.size()). │
│ │
│ * **Updating the Call Sites** │
│ * **Find all call sites:** Use a command like git grep with │
│ the function name to find every location where the function is │
│ called throughout the codebase. │
│ * **Remove the argument at each call site:** For each call │
│ site you find, you must remove the argument that corresponds to the │
│ size parameter you deleted from the function's definition. │
│ * **Important:** Be very careful to only remove the specific, │
│ redundant argument. Do not change or remove any other arguments in │
│ the function call. │
│ │
│ * **Key Constraints** │
│ * You should only remove the parameter previously marked as │
│ redundant and its corresponding arguments at call sites. │
│ * Do not remove or rename any other parameters. │
│ * Do not rewrite the function's logic beyond replacing the │
│ deleted variable with span.size(). │
│ * Ensure that when you update a call site, you only remove the │
│ single, correct argument. │
│ │
│ #### **11. Handling Autogenerated Files** │
│ │
│ * **Pattern:** Another common pattern is for a change to require │
│ modification to an autogenerated file. Treat autogenerated files as │
│ unmodifiable for now. │
│ --- │
│ #### **12. Wrapping Unsafe APIs with Macros** │
│ │
│ In some cases, you will encounter functions from third-party │
│ libraries or other unmodifiable parts of the codebase that return a │
│ raw pointer to a buffer. Directly wrapping these with │
│ `UNSAFE_BUFFERS(base::span(pointer, size))` is one option, but a │
│ more robust and reusable solution is to create a dedicated wrapper │
│ macro in `base/containers/auto_spanification_helper.h`. │
│ │
│ * **Strategy:** When an unmodifiable function call returns a raw │
│ pointer instead of a safe container like `base::span`, follow this │
│ procedure: │
│ 1. **Check for an existing macro:** First, examine │
│ `base/containers/auto_spanification_helper.h` to see if a macro for │
│ this specific API call already exists. │
│ 2. **Create a new macro if needed:** If no macro exists, you │
│ must add one. │
│ * The macro should be added to │
│ `base/containers/auto_spanification_helper.h`. │
│ * The macro should take the same arguments as the original │
│ API call. │
│ * Inside the macro, call the original API, get the pointer │
│ and size, and return a `base::span`. Use `UNSAFE_TODO` to wrap the │
│ returned span. │
│ * Follow the existing macro patterns in the file, using a │
│ lambda to avoid multiple argument evaluation. │
│ 3. **Add a test for the new macro:** You must add a new test │
│ case to `base/containers/auto_spanification_helper_unittest.cc`. │
│ * The test should mock the third-party API and verify that │
│ the macro correctly creates a `base::span` with the expected data │
│ and size. │
│ 4. **Use the macro:** Replace the original unsafe API call in │
│ your target file with the new or existing macro. │
│ │
│ * **Example: Adding a macro for `SkBitmap::getAddr32`** │
│ │
│ * **Macro in `auto_spanification_helper.h`:** │
│ ```cpp │
│ // https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/main: │
│ third_party/skia/include/core/SkBitmap.h;drc=f72bd467feb15edd9323e46 │
│ eab1b74ab6025bc5b;l=936 │
│ #define UNSAFE_SKBITMAP_GETADDR32(arg_self, arg_x, arg_y) \ │
│ ([](auto&& self, int x, int y) { \ │
│ uint32_t* row = self->getAddr32(x, y); \ │
│ ::base::CheckedNumeric<size_t> width = self->width(); \ │
│ size_t size = (width - x).ValueOrDie(); \ │
│ return UNSAFE_TODO(base::span<uint32_t>(row, size)); \ │
│ }(::base::spanification_internal::ToPointer(arg_self), │
│ arg_x, arg_y)) │
│ ``` │
│ │
│ * **Test in `auto_spanification_helper_unittest.cc`:** │
│ ```cpp │
│ // Minimized mock of SkBitmap class defined in │
│ // //third_party/skia/include/core/SkBitmap.h │
│ class SkBitmap { │
│ public: │
│ uint32_t* getAddr32(int x, int y) const { return &row_[x]; │
│ } │
│ int width() const { return static_cast<int>(row_.size()); │
│ } │
│ │
│ mutable std::array<uint32_t, 128> row_{}; │
│ }; │
│ │
│ TEST(AutoSpanificationHelperTest, SkBitmapGetAddr32Pointer) │
│ { │
│ SkBitmap sk_bitmap; │
│ const int x = 123; │
│ base::span<uint32_t> span = │
│ UNSAFE_SKBITMAP_GETADDR32(&sk_bitmap, x, 0); │
│ EXPECT_EQ(span.data(), &sk_bitmap.row_[x]); │
│ EXPECT_EQ(span.size(), sk_bitmap.row_.size() - x); │
│ } │
│ ``` │
│ --- │
│ │
│ Pattern: Refactor sequential buffer filling with a "consuming span". │
│ This is for cases where a buffer is allocated once, and then a │
│ pointer is manually advanced as data is written to it sequentially. │
│ │
│ Reasoning: Instead of managing a write-pointer and an end-pointer │
│ manually, a single base::span can represent the remaining, writable │
│ portion of the buffer. This is safer and more expressive. │
│ │
│ Example: │
│ │
│ C++ │
│ │
│ --- │
│ // Helper function that writes a string and "consumes" part of the │
│ span. │
│ void WriteStringAndAdvance(base::span<char>& buffer, const char* │
│ str) { │
│ if (!str) { │
│ return; │
│ } │
│ const size_t len_with_null = strlen(str) + 1; │
│ DCHECK_GE(buffer.size(), len_with_null); │
│ memcpy(buffer.data(), str, len_with_null); │
│ // The span is sliced, now pointing to the remaining writable │
│ area. │
│ buffer = buffer.subspan(len_with_null); │
│ } │
│ │
│ // Old function that manually manages pointers. │
│ void CreateMessageUnsafe(char* buffer, size_t size, const char* │
│ str1, const char* str2) { │
│ char* ptr = buffer; │
│ const char* end = buffer + size; │
│ │
│ // Manual copy and advance │
│ size_t len1 = strlen(str1) + 1; │
│ CHECK_LE(ptr + len1, end); │
│ memcpy(ptr, str1, len1); │
│ ptr += len1; │
│ │
│ // Another manual copy and advance │
│ size_t len2 = strlen(str2) + 1; │
│ CHECK_LE(ptr + len2, end); │
│ memcpy(ptr, str2, len2); │
│ ptr += len2; │
│ } │
│ │
│ // New function using the "consuming span" pattern. │
│ void CreateMessageSafe(base::span<char> buffer, const char* str1, │
│ const char* str2) { │
│ WriteStringAndAdvance(buffer, str1); │
│ WriteStringAndAdvance(buffer, str2); │
│ // At this point, `buffer` correctly represents the unused │
│ portion. │
│ } │
│ Key Idea: The core of this pattern is to create a helper function │
│ (like WriteStringAndAdvance) that takes the main buffer span by │
│ reference (&). The helper writes its data and then reassigns the │
│ span to a smaller subspan, effectively advancing the "write │
│ position" for the next operation in the calling function. │
│ --- │
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